networking tools for hackers

Hacker Cheat Sheet: Web & Network Protocols

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Welcome to the UDP Custom Hacker Cheat Sheet! Here you’ll find essential commands and attack methods for various web and network protocols. This guide is designed to help ethical hackers and network security professionals identify vulnerabilities and enhance system security. Use these tools responsibly.

1. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

  • Description: Standard protocol for transmitting web data. Vulnerable to MITM (Man-in-the-Middle) attacks.
  • Test Command:
  curl -I http://example.com
  • Common Attack: MITM Attack – Intercept traffic and steal sensitive data.

2. HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)

  • Description: Secure version of HTTP using SSL/TLS encryption.
  • Test Command:
  curl -I https://example.com
  • Common Attack: SSL Stripping – Downgrade secure HTTPS to HTTP.

3. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol)

  • Description: Core protocol suite for internet communications.
  • Test Command:
  telnet example.com 80
  • Common Attack: SYN Flood – Overwhelm server resources, causing service disruption.

4. UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

  • Description: Connectionless protocol used for fast data transfer.
  • Test Command:
  echo "Test" | nc -u -w1 example.com 12345
  • Common Attack: UDP Flood – Overload a target with packets, causing network disruption.

5. DNS (Domain Name System)

  • Description: Resolves domain names to IP addresses. Prone to DNS spoofing.
  • Test Command:
  nslookup example.com
  • Common Attack: DNS Spoofing – Redirect traffic to malicious websites.

6. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

  • Description: Transfers files over a network, vulnerable to interception.
  • Test Command:
  ftp example.com
  • Common Attack: FTP Brute Force – Crack weak FTP login credentials.

7. SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol)

  • Description: Secure version of FTP using SSH encryption.
  • Test Command:
  sftp user@example.com
  • Common Attack: SFTP Brute Force – Attack weak SSH passwords.

8. SSH (Secure Shell)

  • Description: Secure remote login and command execution.
  • Test Command:
  ssh user@example.com
  • Common Attack: SSH Brute Force – Exploit weak passwords or misconfigured keys.

9. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

  • Description: Protocol used for sending emails. Vulnerable to email spoofing.
  • Test Command:
  echo "Subject: Test" | sendmail user@example.com
  • Common Attack: Email Spoofing – Forge email addresses to deceive recipients.

10. POP3/IMAP (Post Office Protocol / Internet Message Access Protocol)

  • Description: Protocols for retrieving emails. Can be exploited for credential theft.
  • Test Command:
  nc -zv example.com 110
  • Common Attack: Credential Harvesting – Steal email login credentials.

11. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

  • Description: Used to monitor and manage network devices.
  • Test Command:
  snmpwalk -v 2c -c public example.com
  • Common Attack: SNMP Brute Force – Crack default community strings.

12. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

  • Description: Resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses, susceptible to ARP spoofing.
  • Test Command:
  arp -a
  • Common Attack: ARP Spoofing – Intercept traffic between devices.

13. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)

  • Description: Used for network diagnostics (e.g., ping). Can be exploited for attacks.
  • Test Command:
  ping example.com
  • Common Attack: ICMP Flood – Launch a DoS (Denial of Service) attack.

14. SMB/CIFS (Server Message Block / Common Internet File System)

  • Description: Used for file sharing and printing. Vulnerable to exploitation via SMB flaws.
  • Test Command:
  smbclient //example.com/share
  • Common Attack: EternalBlue – Exploit SMB vulnerabilities for remote code execution.

15. IPSec (Internet Protocol Security)

  • Description: Provides encryption and authentication for secure communication over IP.
  • Test Command:
  ipsec status
  • Common Attack: IPSec Bypass – Exploit misconfigurations in VPN setups.

16. PPTP/L2TP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol / Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol)

  • Description: Common VPN protocols. PPTP is considered weak; L2TP is more secure.
  • Test Command:
  ipsec.conf
  • Common Attack: PPTP Cracking – Exploit weak encryption in PPTP.

17. BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)

  • Description: Routing protocol that manages how packets are routed across the internet.
  • Test Command:
  bgpdump
  • Common Attack: BGP Hijacking – Redirect traffic by manipulating BGP routes.

18. SSL/TLS (Secure Socket Layer / Transport Layer Security)

  • Description: Cryptographic protocols that secure communications over a network.
  • Test Command:
  openssl s_client -connect example.com:443
  • Common Attack: SSL Stripping – Downgrade SSL/TLS to an insecure connection.

19. OAuth/OpenID

  • Description: Token-based authentication protocols for secure sign-ins.
  • Test Command:
  curl -H "Authorization: Bearer TOKEN" https://example.com/api
  • Common Attack: Token Theft – Steal OAuth tokens for unauthorized access.

Key Tips for Ethical Hackers:

  • Always Test on Authorized Systems: Obtain permission before testing any network or system.
  • Focus on Encryption: Ensure protocols like HTTPS, SSH, and SFTP are used to prevent data interception.
  • Monitor for Weak Configurations: Look for weak passwords, open ports, and outdated protocols.
  • Use the Right Tools: Tools like nmap, snmpwalk, and nc are essential for testing and scanning networks.

For more in-depth tutorials and guides, stay tuned to UDP Custom.